1 - Gene drive proposed: a proposal has been put forward in the scientific literature or from another academic source (e.g. funding body)
2a - Gene drive proposed with supporting modelling work: a proposal has been made in the scientific literature supported by modelling or theoretical work
2b - Preliminary laboratory work funded: preliminary laboratory work has been funded but has not yet been published
3 - Preliminary laboratory work: laboratory research relevant to gene drive construction published (e.g. developing molecular biology methods) with possibility or intention to construct gene drive stated
4a - Active research on gene drive construction: research on gene drive construction has been funded, but no results yet published
4b - Active research on gene drive construction: results published showing non-functional gene drives or similar very limited progress
5 - Limited proof of concept: Published results show a gene drive is to some extent functional, however there are outstanding technical issues such as resistance or low efficiency
6 - Laboratory proof of concept: Taking published results at face value, the system works effectively in small cage trials.
7 - Large cage trials: Data published on trials in large cages, offering a more accurate simulation of conditions in natural environment.
8 - Potential further contained trials: After large cage trials, it is not currently clear what further trials may take place prior to experimental releases. One possibility is trials
in outdoor cages.
9 - Experimental releases in natural environment: Field trials are underway with releases in the natural environment. This does not indicate that the technology has been shown to be effective or safe.
X - Abandoned project: Research to construct a gene drive has been carried out, but has been unsuccessful and to our knowledge is no longer active.